鱼鳞蛋白酶解物为基料的涂膜剂对鲫的保鲜效果

研究了鱼鳞蛋白酶解物为基料的复合涂膜剂对鲫4 ℃贮藏过程中其鲜度指标变化和保鲜效果的影响。实验将去鳞、去内脏并洗净后的鲫分别于4 ℃的鱼鳞蛋白酶解物溶液和添加了迷迭香的鱼鳞蛋白酶解物溶液中浸泡1.5 min,沥干后用保鲜膜包好于4 ℃条件下贮藏。通过测定鱼体贮藏过程中细菌总数、TBA值、TVB-N值、K值、重量损失、感官评分等鲜度指标的变化规律,评价了鱼鳞蛋白酶解物对鲫在4 ℃贮藏条件下保鲜作用效果。结果表明,涂有鱼鳞蛋白酶解物的鲫的细菌总数、TVB-N值、K值、TBA值、重量损失在10 d内显著(P<0.05)低于对照组,而感官品质显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,在4 ℃条件下能延长鲫贮藏期8 d左右;涂有添加了迷迭香提取物的鱼鳞蛋白酶解物的鲫的TVB-N值、K值、重量损失在4～6 d内显著(P<0.05)低于对照组,而感官品质显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,但不能有效延长鱼体的贮藏期。鱼鳞蛋白经过胃蛋白酶在一定条件下酶解后,其产物对鱼体具有较好的保鲜效果,是一种良好的鱼体生物保鲜涂膜材料,但不适宜与迷迭香提取物联合使用。     

Mollugin inhibits viability and collagen synthesis of rat CFSC-2G cells

AIM: To investigate the effects of mollugin on the viability and collagen synthesis of rat hepatic stellate cell line CFSC-2G. METHODS: The activation of CFSC-2G cells was induced with low concentration (10 μmol/L) of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) for 30 min in the experiment. The viability of the CFSC-2G cells after exposed to mollugin at different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 and 120 μmol/L) was detected by MTT assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, and hepatic stellate cell activation markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I (Col Ⅰ) were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. The phosphorylation level of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Mollugin significantly inhibited the viability and collagen synthesis of activated CSFC-2G cells induced by H₂O₂. The expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and Bax at mRNA and protein levels, and the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK were promoted, while the levels of NF-κB p65, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, α-SMA and ColⅠwere inhibited by mollugin (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Mollugin may inhibit H₂O₂-induced viability and collagen synthesis of the CSFC-2G cells by activating Nrf2 and HO-1, and blocking the NF-κB p65 and Bcl-2 expression.     

酶解植物蛋白对建鲤生长、肝胰脏和肠道发育及消化酶活性的影响

试验考察了酶解植物蛋白对建鲤生长性能、肝胰脏和肠道发育及消化酶活性的影响.体质量为(9.18±0.21)g的建鲤900尾,随机分成6个处理组,每组3个重复,每个重复50尾,分别饲喂酶解植物蛋白替代相应完整植物蛋白0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的试验饵料,试验期为60 d.结果表明,酶解蛋白替代完整蛋白40%时,生长速度最快,饵料系数最低,摄饵量、蛋白和灰分沉积率最高;替代比例在60%以下时,肠重和肠皱襞高度、肠道脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶、Na ,K -ATP酶的活性随着替代比例的上升而显著增加;替代比例超过60%以后,生长速度显著降低、饵料系数升高,肠道酶活、皱襞高度、蛋白沉积率下降,而肝胰脏谷草转氨酶活性、血氨浓度和脂肪沉积率升高(P<0.05).结果表明,适宜比例的酶解植物蛋白能促进建鲤生长、肝胰脏和肠道发育,提高饲料利用率.     

Role of TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway-mediated lysine hydroxylase 2 activity in collagen deposition of pulmonary fibrosis

AIM: To investigate the effect of TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway on the changes of lysyl hydro-xylase2 (LH2) activity, and to study the role in the relationship between LH2 and collagen deposition of pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS: Human lung fibroblast cell line HFL1 was cultured in F12 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were divided into control group, TGFβ1 (10 μg/L) stimulation group, and minoxidil (5 μmol/L) intervention group. The cells in control group were treated with the equivalent volume of medium. The RNA and protein were collected after 48 h. The mRNA levels of PLOD2, α-SMA and COLⅠ were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of LH2, total Smad3, phosphorylated Smad3, α-SMA, COLⅠ and COL Ⅳ were determined by Western blot. Hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP) content was detected by ELISA. RESULTS: After stimulation with TGFβ1, the mRNA expression of PLOD2, α-SMA and COLⅠ was increased (P<0.01), and the protein levels of LH2, p-Smad3, α-SMA, COLⅠ and COL Ⅳ were also up-regulated, but the total Smad3 protein did not change. Treatment with minoxidil decreased the levels of above indexes (P<0.01). Compared with control group, stimulation with TGFβ1 increased the content of HP. However, treatment with minoxidil decreased the synthesis of HP (P<0.05). CONCLUTION: Activation of TGFβ1/Samd3 signaling pathway enhances LH2 expression. Minoxidil inhibits the TGFβ1/Samd3 signaling transduction, thereby reducing the expression of LH2 and the synthesis of hydroxylysyl collagen pyridine chain, and reducing pulmonary fibrosis.     

鳕鱼鱼皮水发工艺及机理研究

[目的]为优化鳕鱼皮水发生产工艺,并尝试对水发机理进行一些理论解释。[方法]以鳕鱼皮为试验原料,以水发率和蛋白损失率为指标,考察浸泡时间、NaOH溶液浓度、浸泡温度对鱼皮水发率的影响,通过正交试验对浸泡工艺进行优化,并考察了漂烫和冷激因素对产品爽脆度的影响。[结果]单因素试验结果显示,试验研究范围内,鳕鱼皮的水发率随NaOH溶液浓度的增大、浸泡时间的延长和浸泡温度的升高而先升高后下降。正交试验结果表明,鳕鱼皮在浓度为0.75 g/L的NaOH溶液中,在25℃条件下浸泡2.5 h时,鱼皮的水发率最好。并且通过80℃水浴,然后冰水浸泡3 min后得到的鱼皮具有较好的爽脆度。[结论]该研究为鳕鱼皮的综合利用提供了参考依据。     

An endurance‐enhancing effect of peanut meal protein hydrolysate in mice: possible involvement of a specific peanut peptide

To improve the functional properties of peanut meal protein for wide utilization, hydrolysis was conducted by alcalase. Compared with saline and peanut meal protein, intragastric administration of low molecular weight (<1 kD) peanut meal peptide (PPH I) could significantly prolong swimming time, increase levels of blood sugar, non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and liver glycogen and decrease blood lactate content in mice. Levels of Pro, Leu, Val and His in low molecular weight peanut meal peptides were higher significantly than those in other peanut meal protein hydrolysates. Hydrophobic amino acids, such as Pro, Tyr and His, could perhaps capture free radical and increase antioxidant capacity of peanut peptide and retard fatigue induced by free radical. After separation by HPLC, a primary peptide P1, Pro‐Glu‐Ile‐Glu‐Val, was sequenced. Its N‐terminal was Val, and it was rich in antioxidant amino acid, Pro and Ile. Levels of plasma glucose, NEFA and liver glycogen in PPH I group were higher than those in mice intragastric administration with peptide P1, and the swimming time is longer in PPH I group than in P1 group. So, the high content of P1 was one of the reason why PPH I had high endurance‐enhancing capacity.     

超高压大豆蛋白酶解物体外消化产物的抗氧化活性研究

以大豆分离蛋白为研究对象,分析超高压(0.1、100、200、300 MPa)对大豆分离蛋白结构及其酶解4 h的产物在胃肠消化过程中的抗氧化活性.结果表明,经200 MPa处理的大豆分离蛋白结构变化较为明显,不同压力下的酶解产物随着消化的进行,消化液的还原能力、自由基清除能力及抑制脂质体氧化能力均有不同程度的提升.与其他处理组(0.1、100、300 MPa)相比,采用200 MPa处理的大豆蛋白酶解物在体外消化4 h时对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率最大,分别为96.8％和58.6％,消化5 h时抑制脂质体氧化能力最强,消化10 h时的还原能力最高,为0.462,O2·和ABTS自由基清除率分别为79.7％和4.5％.综合分析得出,200 MPa诱导蛋白结构变化,进而提高其酶解物在胃肠消化过程中的抗氧化活性.该研究为大豆分离蛋白高压酶解物应用于具有抗氧化功能的食品开发提供了理论依据.     

Effect of angiotensin Ⅱ on the remodeling of aorta in spontaneously hypertensive rats

AIM: To investigate the effects of a 10-weeks treatment with angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) subtype I receptor antagonist losartan on vascular remodeling of thoracic aorta in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: SHR were treated from 16 to 26 weeks of age with losartan at 15 mg/kg·d^-1 or 0.75 mg/kg·d^-1. RESULTS: Losartan (15 mg/kg·d^-1) treatment significantly decreased systolic blood pressure compared with the control group, while losartan (0.75 mg/kg·d^-1) had no the effect, losartan(15 mg) prevents the development of aortic hypertrophy by preventing hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In the losartan 0.75 group, these parameters were not changed. But in the losartan 15 and losartan 0.75 groups, the collagen content of the aortic media decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: It is inferred that the effect of Ang Ⅱ on stimulating VSMC growth of the aorta in SHR is dependent on arterial pressure, while the effect on collagen fibers is through pressure independent mechanism.     

胶原蛋白交联的研究进展及其对肉的纹理和嫩度的影响

胶原蛋白是肌间结缔组织的主要成分 ,它在肌肉中的含量和质量对肌肉纹理性状的影响实际上是取决于胶原蛋白分子间交联的水平、方式和成熟程度。影响胶原蛋白分子间交联的因素很多 ,包括动物的品种、年龄、性别和肌肉的来源以及其它一些与生长有关的环境因素。本文着重对由一系列酶介导的胶原蛋白分子间的共价交联、胶原蛋白在细胞外的被动修饰、胶原蛋白对烤制后肌肉纹理的影响、胶原蛋白分子间交联及其影响因素和调控机制进行综述和探讨     

木质纤维素乙醇发酵研究进展

以木质纤维素为原料生产燃料乙醇,首先要对原料进行预处理得到可发酵糖,在稀酸水解木质纤维素得到的糖液中,除含有葡萄糖、木糖等六碳糖和五碳糖外,根据水解温度、酸浓度和时间的不同,还含有不同浓度的发酵抑制剂。因此,在研究木质纤维素稀酸水解糖液的乙醇发酵中,对代谢木糖成乙醇的菌种的研究、对代谢发酵抑制剂微生物的研究、对稀酸水解糖液的脱毒方法的研究以及对稀酸水解糖液不同发酵方式的乙醇发酵研究等非常重要。本文重点介绍了以上几个方面近几年研究的进展。